Introduction

An electrical circuit on a solid object known as a printed circuit board (pcb) is an electrical circuit made up of embedded metal lines known as traces and larger metal parts known as planes.

In contrast to the PCB technologies previously mentioned, printed electronics is a rapidly evolving PCB technology; it typically consists of very basic, extremely affordable circuits, which lowers the cost of electronic packaging to the point where electronic solutions can be developed to address problems that have never been considered before.

Describe the PCB design ? 

• The majority of current electronic gadgets are constructed mostly from printed circuit boards (PCBs). Printed circuit boards serve as the building 
• These are the building blocks for all other electronic components, whether they are straightforward single-layered boards like those used in garage door openers, six-layer boards like those used in smartwatches, or 60-layer boards with extremely high densities and speeds like those used in supercomputers and servers.
• Radio equipment, resistors, diodes, capacitors, and semiconductors are connected to and communicate with one another via the PCB.
• Circuitry on the top and bottom of the board, multiple layers of electronics stacked on top of one other, or a single layer of circuitry can make up the board.

What Are Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Materials?

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are typically flat laminated composites made up of layers of copper circuitry buried internally or on the surfaces of non-conductive substrate materials.

In high density applications, they could be as straightforward as one or two copper layers or as intricate as fifty layers or more. The flat composite surface is perfect for supporting the soldered and connected components to the PCB, while the copper wires provide the electrical connection between the components.

The six basic components of a typical printed circuit board are as follows:

• Prepreg
• Laminate
• Copper foil
• Soldermask
• Nomenclature
• Final Finish

Prepreg is a thin glass fabric that has undergone resin coating and drying using specialised equipment called prepreg treaters. 

Glass makes up the mechanical support structure holding the resin in place.

Boats, golf clubs, aeroplanes, and wind turbine blades are among the products made from prepreg sheets, often known as fibreglass. However, it is also necessary for the manufacture of PCBs. Prepreg sheets, which are also used to construct the PCB, are utilised to create the laminate, the second part of a PCB.

Why Are Printed Circuit Boards Used?

• A PCB, or printed circuit board, is the term used in the industry to refer to the bare board that you supply us with layout data for and use to attach your components when we deliver it to you.
• Printed circuit boards, or PCBs, use conductive channels, tracks, or signal lines etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components.
• Nearly all commercially produced electronic devices today employ printed wire (circuit) boards, which enable fully automated assembly activities that weren't feasible or viable with prior tag type circuit production techniques.

Types of Printed Circuit Boards

Printed circuit boards : 

• All electronic products have PCBs as their brains, yet not all PCBs are made equal. Printed circuit boards are available for a variety of applications in a wide range of sizes, shapes, materials, and production specifications.

Double Layer PCB

• A non-conductive substrate is covered with a conductive layer, then a second conductive layer is applied to the back (top and bottom layers). The two conducting sides may be what are referred to as vias. Vias are used to link components through plated holes in the substrate that connect to pads on both sides of the circuit board.

Multi-Layer PCB

• This phrase describes a circuit board with three or more conducting layers. At least one conductive layer is sandwiched between two non-conductive substrates, and the conductive layers are located at the top and bottom of the structure.

High Density Interconnect (HDI) PCBs are

• With the use of precision-based manufacturing technologies, HDI PCBs are able to fit as much functionality as they can into a compact area. Numerous conductive layers, laser-drilled microvias, precise lines and tolerances, and state-of-the-art laminate materials are required to achieve this.

High Frequency PCB

• The design itself is the main source of variability in the production of high frequency printed circuit boards. These PCBs are made to withstand transmissions that are carried out at rates higher than 1 GHz.

The Benefits of Printed Circuit Boards

• PCBs are inexpensive, enabling low-cost mass production.
• It is modifiable.
• easily reachable
• fantastic shelf life
• minimum electronic noise
• conserving wire and being little

Conclusion 

The performance and output of their electronic systems can be optimised by specialists in a variety of sectors using printed circuits. You can customise your electrical device's packaging to be most suitable for the use for which it was intended.